Help:IPA/Astur-Leonese

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Leonese, Asturian, Extremaduran and Mirandese pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see {{IPA-ast}}, {{IPA-le}}, {{IPA-mwl}}, {{IPA-ext}}, and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

IPA Consonants A L E  M  Examples English approximation b b bota, vida / bida best ɸ ː abdicar Japanese Fumiko (A), best (M) β β β la vida / la bida, cabra between baby and bevy ɸː las vidas / las bidas between baby and bevy (A, M), Japanese Fumiko (E) d de, onda date ð ð ð sedo, padre other θː desde other (A, M), thing (E) f ɸ f fueu face (A, M), Japanese Fumiko (E) h fierro / hierro / fiêrro face (A, M), hope (E) ʰ nafta face ɡ ɡ gata, anguila got x ŋ digno, acné Scottish loch (A), sing (E), got (M) ɣ ɣ ɣ agora, águila between ago and ahold xː (d)esgracia / desgraça between ago and ahold (A, M), Scottish loch (E) ʝ h ʎ muyer / mujer / mulhier beyond (A), hope (E), million (M) ʝ j oye / oyi beyond ɟʝ dʒ ʒ cónyuxe / cónyuji / cónjuge endure (A), injure (E), rouge (M) k cun, que, cual / qual scan l salir, alto lip l̩ l bottle ʎ ʎ llingua / lhéngua million ʎ m mes, amar mother n naide, sana need ŋ pinga, en, álbum / álbun sing ɲ añus / anhos canyon p pero spouse r rato, carro rolled r ɾ ɾ ɾ trato, caro, (E) alto US ladder r mar US ladder (A, M), rolled r (E) s s s̺ sol, pasu / passo sack ʰ estar / estal / star bust (A, M), hope (E) ð z̺ casa / cada sack (A), other (M), zebra (E) z ʱ esmeráu / smerado quiz (A, M), hope (E) t tolos, ocho / oito stand tʃ chano, ocho / oito chop v ʱ v afgano of (A, M), hope (E) θ ː d admira, ritmo thing (A), date (M) θ s̻ cielos thing (A, E), sack (M) h paz / paç thing (A), hope (E), bus (M) ð z̻ decir / idel / dezir thing (A), other (E), zebra (M) ð ʱ paz / paç de la tierra smooth (A), hope (E), quiz (M) ʃ s ʃ xorda / sorda shop (A, M), sack (E) h caxa / caja shop (A, M), hope (E) ʒ axunto / ajunto, orixe / ourige shop (A), hope (E), rouge (M) ʒ ɦ rouge (A, M), ahold (E) IPA Dialectal consonants h ḥierro ham ɖ ḷḷingua, patsuezu (in some local orthographies) guard ɖʐ job ʈʂ chop ts otso (ocho / oito) pizza

IPA Vowels A L E  M  Examples English approximation a a cacho, pá father ɐ cachico tub e e senu / seno, pie / piê pay ɛ bezu / beç, sé bet ɨ cebada roses i chícharo see o o puerta / puôrta cold ɔ home, abó thought ʊ costiella / costiêlha influence u pruma food IPA Final reduced vowels a ɐ tub ɪ ɨ roses ʊ influence IPA Dialectal vowels ɛ bet ɔ dog   IPA Semivowels A L E M Examples English approximation j fierro / fiêrro you / boy w puerta / puôrta wine / cow   IPA Suprasegmentals A L E M Examples Explanation ˈ primary stress, as in explanation ˌ secondary stress, as in explanation . syllable break, as in reuse ː ː ː consonant gemination esti [ˈeʰtːɪ] IPA Diacritics ◌̃ antes, cun nasal vowel

References

Leonese

• Asociación Cultural Faceira (2012). Xurdir. Guía gramatical de leonés (in Spanish). Asociación Cultural Faceira.
• "Curso basico de Llionés" (in Spanish).

Asturian

• García Arias, Xosé Lluis (2003). Gramática histórica de la lengua asturiana (in Spanish). Academia de la Llingua Asturiana.
• "Gramática de la Llingua Asturiana" (PDF) (in Asturian).

Extremaduran

• "La fonética de las hablas extremeñas" (PDF) (in Spanish).

• "El habla en Extremadura" (PDF) (in Spanish).

Mirandese

• "Convenção Ortográfica da Língua Mirandesa" (PDF) (in Portuguese). Lisbon: Câmara Municipal de Miranda do Douro / Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa.